2. Clarity, efficiency, economy, and continuity: all are benefits of the grid. Designers use grids because they represent an inherent part of the craft of designing. The grid is suited to helping solve communication problems of great complexity and allows the designer to lay out and organize an enormous amount of information. A final benefit of working with the grid is the possibility of collaboration without compromising established visual qualitites from one project to the next.
3. Modular Grid: a grid that divides each area into an individual unit of space contains individual units of space and is comprised of a series of columns and rows.
4. Margins: negative spaces between the format edge and the content, which surround and define the areas where type and images will be arranged.
Columns: vertical alignments of type that create horizontal divisions between the margins.
Grid Modules: individual units of space separated by regular intervals that when repeated across the page, create columns and rows and form the total structure.
Flowlines: alignments that break the space into horizontal bands. They guide the eye across the format and can be used to impose additional stopping and starting points for content.
Gutter: The negative space between pages or columns of text or images.
5. Hierarchy, as applied in design, is defined as a given order that allows the viewer to enter the typographic space and navigate it. it is based on the level of importance the designer assigns to each part of the text.
6. Typographic color refers to the variance appearance of different texts and due to weight, size, and spacial organization. Scale change, for example, chances the typographic color of the elements, introducing light and dark. A single typeface in one weight will appear bolder if set at a larger size. Typographic color deals only with changes in lightness and darkness, or value, not hue. It also describes changes in rhythm and texture. For these reasons, it is strongly unique from chromatic color.
7. One way to differentiate separate text components is through spatial organization. Grouping related items together, or aligning them along an axis, establishes a sense of regularity to them. Designers often use scale change to indicate levels of importance; larger elements appear to advance in space, while smaller elements recede. Finally, typographic color plays an important role in creating hierarchy. Changes in weight, texture, value, and rhythm also signify differences implied by spacial separation. However, if all the elements appear significantly different from each other, then they will appear equally important and the sense of heirarchy is destroyed.
